Cattle care

Cattle are ruminants whose four-compartment stomach lets them digest grass. Because they are herd animals, they become stressed when left alone; a familiar routine, calm handling and a predictable daily schedule support both their welfare and their productivity.

Housing and space

• Dry, well-ventilated barn: Build-up of damp and ammonia can harm respiratory health. Good ventilation matters even in cold weather.
• Clean bedding: Dry bedding such as straw or wood shavings helps animals lie comfortably and keeps their feet healthy. Wet, dirty bedding should be replaced regularly.
• Enough space: Every animal needs room to lie down and stand up easily and to reach feed and water without crowding.
• Pasture and exercise: Where possible, access to pasture or an exercise yard supports movement and natural behaviour.

Feeding routine

The basis of a cattle diet is forage: pasture, hay, silage and straw. Depending on needs (milk yield, growth, pregnancy), concentrates and mineral supplements are added. It is best to work with an animal nutritionist or an experienced adviser to match the ration to the animal's age, weight and production stage.

Water

Cattle drink a lot, and needs rise markedly in dairy cows and in hot weather. Check troughs every day, keep them clean and protect them from freezing in winter.

Daily care

• Observe the animals every day: changes in appetite, rumination, movement and behaviour are early warning signs.
• Regular hoof checks and trimming by a professional when needed help prevent lameness.
• Regular cleaning of the barn and feeders matters for both animal and human health.

Behaviour and social needs

Cattle form a social ranking within the herd. New animals should be introduced gradually. Calm handling without shouting reduces fear and the risk of injury.

Seasonal care

Hot weather can be harder on cattle than cold. Provide shade, good ventilation and plenty of water. In winter, they need a dry area sheltered from wind and water that does not freeze.

Legal requirements (Türkiye)

In Türkiye, cattle must be identified with ear tags and registered in the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry's registration system. Movements such as births, sales and transport must be reported. Ask your provincial or district agriculture directorate for the current rules.