Horse care

In the wild, horses are herd animals that spend most of the day grazing and walking. Because their stomachs are small and their digestive system is used to a constant flow of fibre, they need to eat little and often. A routine that respects these natural needs supports both their health and their behaviour.

Housing and space

• Paddock and pasture: Horses need an area where they can move freely and graze every day. Long periods confined in a small stable can lead to behaviour problems.
• Stable or shelter: It should be dry, well ventilated, cleanly bedded and large enough for the horse to turn around and lie down. In the field, a run-in shelter from rain, wind and sun is helpful.
• Safe fencing: Avoid fencing that can cause injuries, such as wire mesh and barbed wire.

Feeding routine

The basis of a horse's diet is forage: pasture and quality hay. Forage should be spread through the day as much as possible. Concentrates can be added depending on the horse's workload, given in small amounts split into several meals. Feed changes should be made gradually over several days.

Water

Horses drink a lot of water, and more in hot weather and when working. Provide constant access to clean water and make sure it does not freeze in winter.

Daily care

• Grooming: Regular brushing keeps skin and coat clean and helps build a bond with the horse.
• Hooves: Pick out the hooves daily and have them seen by a farrier at regular intervals (usually every 6–8 weeks).
• Daily checks: Watch for changes in appetite, droppings, movement and behaviour.

Behaviour and social needs

Horses are herd animals and need other horses (or at least a suitable companion such as a donkey) to feel safe. As prey animals, they may startle at sudden movements and noises; calm, consistent handling builds trust.

Seasonal care

Provide shade and plenty of water in summer and a wind-sheltered area in winter. Clipped or thin horses may need rugs in the cold.